Professional development of sport psychology practitioners: From systematic review to a model of development.

A clear model of professional development (PD) has the potential to enhance educational and training programs and promote effective, competent, and ethical practice. Scholars have explored facets of the PD of sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) using theoretical frameworks borrowed from counseling psychology. Yet, given the emergence of a sport-specific body of work on this topic, it appears timely to take stock of existing context-specific knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to systematically review the extant literature focused on SPP's PD to identify specific characteristics and organize this knowledge in an accessible and structured manner in the form of a process model of PD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified 1147 research records in the databases SportDiscuss, PsychArticles, PsychInfo, ProQuest, and PubMed. We subsequently screened and assessed the records for eligibility (i.e., empirical studies published in English that focus on developmental characteristics of SPPs, including a clear developmental stage) reducing the sample of articles that fitted our inclusion criteria to 34 qualitative manuscripts. Finally, we critically explored these manuscripts by engaging in a reflexive thematic analysis and created four developmental phases (i.e., introduction, exploration, solidification, and fulfillment). SPPs' transition through these phases is seemingly facilitated by four processes (i.e., reflection, supervision, connections and networking with peers, and learning by doing), which also support the completion of the tasks associated with nine developmental elements (i.e., purpose, confidence and anxiety, focus, awareness, adaptability, independence, philosophy/congruence, professional identity, and the individual). We present the interaction of these developmental phases, elements, and processes in the form of a sport psychology-specific process model of PD. We discuss the implications of this model and its potential contribution to future research, supervision, and training programs. Yet, we also acknowledge how a focus on Anglophone and Western cultural contexts and a lack of methodological transparency are limitations of the extant literature.

Associação entre a paixão e a motivação pela prática esportiva em escolares / Asociación entre la pasión y la motivación por el deporte en escolares / Association between passion and motivation for sports in school children

Neste artigo analisou-se a relação entre paixão e motivação pela prática esportiva em escolares. Os 173 participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, à Escala da Paixão e à Escala de Motivação para o Esporte II. Utilizaram-se, na análise dos dados, testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlação de Pearson e análises de regressão múltipla. Os resultados evidenciaram que a paixão harmoniosa tem associação negativa sobre a regulação externa e positiva sobre a regulação introjetada, identificada e intrínseca. Já a paixão obsessiva apresentou associação positiva sobre a desmotivação e a regulação externa. Concluiu-se que a paixão harmoniosa está associada de maneira positiva com a motivação autônoma e controlada, enquanto a paixão obsessiva, com a motivação extrínseca e a desmotivação (AU).

The relationship between passion and motivation for sports in schoolchildren was analyzed. The 173 participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Passion Scale and the Sport Motivation Scale II. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that harmonious passion has a negative association on external regulation and a positive association on introjected, identified and intrinsic regulation. On the other hand, obsessive passion presented a positive association about demotivation and external regulation. It was concluded that harmonious passion is positively associated with autonomous and controlled motivation, while obsessive passion with extrinsic motivation and demotivation (AU).

Se analizó la relación entre pasión y motivación por el deporte en escolares. Los 173 participantes respondieron cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de Pasión y de Motivación Deportiva II. Para el análisis de los datos utilizaron Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión múltiple. Los resultados mostraron que la pasión armoniosa tiene una asociación negativa sobre regulación externa y una asociación positiva sobre regulación introyectada, identificada e intrínseca. Por otro lado, pasión obsesiva presentó una asociación positiva sobre desmotivación y regulación externa. Concluyó que la pasión armoniosa se asocia positivamente con la motivación autónoma y controlada, mientras que la pasión obsesiva se asocia con motivación extrínseca y desmotivación (AU).

Psychological models in sport psychology: A preliminary investigation.

Applied psychology is characterised by a variety of theoretical models, informing distinct approaches to classification, explanation, and intervention in service-delivery. Such theoretical or psychological models include behavioural, biological, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, and social paradigms, with exposure to these models and attitude formation occurring within the structured university-based stage of sport psychology development. It is, therefore, important for the sport psychological domain to investigate developing attitudes, given these models inform subsequent professional practice and decision making. Accordingly, the present study explored the attitudes of Stage-1 sport psychology students through a modified form of the Maudsley Attitude Questionnaire (34 males, M age = 24.71 years, SD = 7.23 and 42 females, M age = 24.76 years, SD = 6.20). The questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes across eight psychological models (e.g. biological, cognitive) and four sport psychology issues (pre-performance anxiety, a lack of confidence, depression, and eating disorders). Analyses of variance demonstrated significant main, model, and interaction effects. No one psychological model was endorsed by all respondents, with model endorsement varying significantly as a function of the issue presented. Principal Axis Factoring revealed a large contribution attributable to cognitive-behavioural and 'eclectic' (mixed elements of social constructionism, biological, and psychodynamic) models. In contrast, the spiritual model represented low levels of participant endorsement and application. Investigation of Stage-1 students can promote an evidence-based understanding on currently developing attitudes and inform the development of sport psychology education, supervision of training routes, and subsequent professional delivery.

Esporte é um contexto que possibilita emancipação ou colonização no processo de formação identitária? / ¿Es el deporte un contexto habilitador de la emancipación o la colonización en el proceso de formación de la identidad? / Is sport a context for fostering emancipation or colonization in the identity formation process?

Este estudo analisou a influência do esporte na formação da identidade de 25 atletas de Futsal por meio da caracterização do padrão semántico do discurso e do relato de história de vida. Foram identificados três grupos caracterizados pela expressão de suas metamorfoses identitárias. O primeiro grupo apresentou uma forma de racionalidade instrumental, ligados à vitória, sucesso e outras características do esporte espetáculo. Os dois grupos mais autonômicos uniram experiências esportivas e não esportivas, alcançando racionalidade comunicativa e multiplicidade de papéis em manifestações de personagens. Concluiu-se que o esporte pode possibilitar fragmentos emancipatórios dependendo da multiplicidade e riqueza de papéis e estimulações ambientais, favorecendo pluralidade de experiências que instiguem transições ecológicas de autonomía (AU)

Este estudio examinó la influencia del deporte de forjar una identidad de 25 atletas a través de la caracterización de la forma semántica y informe de historial de vida. Se identificaron tres grupos caracterizados por la expresión de sus metamorfosis de identidad. El primer tenía una forma de racionalidad instrumental ligados a la victoria, el éxito y otras características del deporte espectáculo. Los dos grupos más autonómicos unieron experiencias deportivas y no deportivas, llegando a la racionalidad comunicativa y la multiplicidad de roles en caracteres manifestaciones. Se concluyó que el deporte puede permitir fragmentos de emancipación dependiendo de la variedad y riqueza de funciones y estímulos ambientales, favoreciendo la pluralidad de experiencias que fomentan las transiciones ecológicas de autonomía (AU)

This study analyzed the influence of sport on identity formation of 25 athletes through a semantic pattern and the life story characterization. Three groups characterized by the expression of their identity metamorphoses were identified. The first presented a form of instrumental rationality, linked to the victory, success and other characteristics of the spectacle sport. Two most autonomous groups united sports and non-sports experiences, reaching communicative rationality and multiplicity of roles in character manifestations. It was concluded that sport could enable emancipatory fragments depending on the multiplicity and richness of roles and environmental stimuli, favoring a plurality of experiences that instigate ecological transitions of autonomy (AU)

Measuring coaching efficacy: a theoretivcal review / Medición de la eficacia de entrenamiento: una revisión teórica

The definition of the coaching efficacy construct has recently been incorporated in sports literature and was based on the social cognitive approach more specifically, on the self-efficacy construct. The coaching efficacy phenomenon refers to the confidence development in coaches and their capacities to influence the learning and performance of their athletes. Coaching efficacy is an important variable within a range of personal characteristics that involves coaches'' behaviors. The purpose of this paper was investigating the contributions of studies about the measurement of coaching efficacy in sport psychology and its methodological derivations. The methodology used in this paper was the bibliographic research, and to achieve the goal a integrative review was hold. The results of the review indicate that the coaching efficacy construct is directly associated with and integrated into the self-efficacy phenomenon and with the coach's training. Considering the data collected in this review, there is only one coaching efficacy measurement in the world, which has been developed in the United States it has currently been adapted and validated to some countries, including Brazil. Most of the studies about this topic are related to other phenomena, such as leadership styles and organizational behavior (AU)

La definición del constructo de eficacia de entrenamiento fue recientemente incorporada en la literatura deportiva y fue basada más específicamente en el abordaje socio cognitivo, dentro del constructo autoeficacia. El fenómeno de la eficacia de entrenamiento se refiere al desarrollo de confianza de los entrenadores y sus capacidades para influenciar el aprendizaje y el desempeño de sus atletas. La eficacia de entrenamiento es una variable importante dentro de una serie de características personales que involucra comportamientos de los entrenadores. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar las contribuciones de estudios sobre la medición de la eficacia de entrenamiento en la psicología del deporte y sus derivaciones metodológicas. La metodología utilizada en este trabajo fue la investigación bibliográfica, y para alcanzar el objetivo, se realizó una revisión integrativa. Los resultados de la revisión indican que el constructo de eficacia de entrenamiento está directamente asociado e integrado al fenómeno de autoeficacia y al entrenamiento del entrenador. Considerando los datos recogidos en esta revisión, sólo hay una medida de eficacia de entrenamiento en el mundo, que se desarrolló en los Estados Unidos, actualmente ha sido adaptada y validada para algunos países, incluido Brasil. La mayoría de los estudios sobre este tema están relacionados con otros fenómenos, como estilos de liderazgo y comportamiento organizacional (AU)

From Talent to High Performance: The view of coaches, players and club coordinators on the relevant factors in the development of a Basketball player / Del Talento al Alto Rendimiento deportivo: El punto de vista de los jugadores, entrenadores y coordinadores del club en los factores relevantes en el desarrollo de un jugador de baloncesto / Do Talento ao Alto Rendimento: A visão de treinadores, jogadores e coordenadores sobre os fatores relevantes no desenvolvimento de um jogador de basquetebol

The main goal of this study was to identify a set of factors considered relevant by basketball experts in a young player's route to high performance. The impossibility of choosing one as the most preponderant factor comes from the complex interaction between the different areas that influence the long development path of athletes to sport expertise. Our sample consisted of 14 coaches (7 of men's level and 7 of youth level), 7 players and 7 club coordinators who were asked to give their view on the subject by means of an interview. One of the main conclusions was the decisive influence of environmental factors, especially the family and coaches' influence, both as promoters of the beginning of the activity and as the maintenance in it. Psychological factors - athlete's work ethic and surpassing capacity - were also referred as having a great role on this issue. Technical, tactical and physical factors (in this order of importance) come as an asset to the young athlete. Finally, we conclude that the training process should be defying and constantly adjusted to the athlete's needs, creating stimulus that allow the young player to develop strategies to read and understand of the game, as well as decision making processes. Te context where the athlete is inserted, as well as the psychological aspects and knowledge of the game must be considered the most relevant factors (AU)

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar un conjunto de factores considerados relevantes por los expertos de baloncesto en la ruta de un joven jugador de alto rendimiento. La imposibilidad de elegir uno como el factor más preponderante proviene de la compleja interacción entre las diferentes áreas que influyen en el camino de desarrollo a largo de los atletas a la experiencia deportiva. Nuestra muestra fue constituida por 14 entrenadores (7 del nivel de los hombres y el 7 de categoría juvenil), 7 jugadores y 7 coordinadores del club que proporcionaran su opinión sobre el tema por medio de una entrevista. Una de las principales conclusiones fue la decisiva influencia de los factores ambientales, especialmente la influencia de la familia y entrenadores, ambos como promotores de la inicio de la actividad y como el mantenimiento en el mismo. Los factores psicológicos - ética de trabajo del atleta y la capacidad de superación - también fueron referidos como teniendo un gran papel en este tema. Los factores técnicos, tácticos y físicos (en este orden de importancia) son considerados un activo para el joven atleta. Por último, llegamos a la conclusión de que el proceso de formación debe ser constantemente desafiante y ajustarse a las necesidades del atleta, debe proporcionar la creación de estímulos que permitan al joven jugador desarrollar estrategias para leer y entender del juego, así como los procesos de toma de decisiones. El contexto en el que se inserta el atleta, así como los aspectos psicológicos y conocimiento del juego se deben considerar los factores más relevantes (AU)

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar um conjunto de fatores considerados relevantes por especialistas de basquetebol no percurso de um jovem jogador para o alto rendimento. A impossibilidade de escolher um único fator como o mais preponderante advém da complexa interação entre as diversas áreas que influenciam o caminho de desenvolvimento de longo dos atletas à experiência esportiva. A nossa amostra foi constituída por 14 treinadores (7 de nível dos homens e 7 do nível da juventude), 7 jogadores e 7 coordenadores do clube que foram convidados a dar a sua opinião sobre o tema por meio de uma entrevista. Uma das principais conclusões foi a influência decisiva de fatores ambientais, especialmente a influência da família e treinadores, ambos como promotores do início da atividade e quanto à manutenção na modalidade. Os fatores psicológicos - ética de trabalho do atleta e capacidade de superação - também foram referidos como tendo um grande papel nesta questão. Fatores técnicos, táticos e físicos (por esta ordem de importância) são considerados mais-valias para o jovem atleta. Finalmente, podemos concluir que o processo de formação deve ser desafiante e constantemente ajustado às necessidades do atleta, criando estímulos que permitam ao jovem jogador desenvolver estratégias de leitura e compreensão do jogo, bem como os processos de tomada de decisão. O contexto em que o atleta está inserido, bem como os aspetos psicológicos e conhecimento do jogo devem ser considerados os fatores mais relevantes (AU)

Satisfacción de los internos de centros penitenciarios con el programa deportivo educativo de baloncesto desarrollado por la Fundación Real Madrid / Satisfação dos reclusos dos centros penitenciais com o programa esportivo educativo de basquetebol desenvolvido pela Fundação Real Madrid / Satisfaction prison inmates with sports basketball educational program powered by the Real Madrid Foundation

El deporte y la actividad física tienen, cada vez más, un papel muy importante en la vida de los centros penitenciarios, siendo usados, normalmente, con el fin de favorecer el proceso de reinserción de los reclusos. En este sentido, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: analizar el grado de satisfacción de los internos de los centros penitenciarios con el programa deportivo educativo de baloncesto llevado a cabo por la Fundación Real Madrid, y destacar los resultados más relevantes de la aplicación del mismo. Con este fin, se administró un cuestionario a 267 reclusos de un total de 21 centros penitenciarios de España. Entre los resultados más destacados, sobresale el hecho de que, en general, los encuestados estaban muy satisfechos con el programa deportivo educativo llevado a cabo. Además, los datos hallados manifestaron que la gran mayoría de los internos consideraban que habían aprendido mucho en relación con la actividad deportiva desarrollada (baloncesto) y con los valores educativos trabajados (AU)

Sport and physical activity have, increasingly, a very important role in the life of prisons, being used normally in order to facilitate the process of reintegration of prisoners. In this sense, the objectives of this study were: to analyze the degree of satisfaction of prisoners with educational sports basketball program carried out by the Real Madrid Foundation, and highlight the most relevant results of its application. To this end, a questionnaire to 267 inmates out of a total of 21 prisons in Spain was administered. Among the most outstanding results, stands the fact that, in general, respondents were very satisfied with the educational sports program conducted. In addition, the found data showed that the vast majority of inmates felt they had learned a lot in relation to the sport developed (basketball) and worked with educational values (AU)

O esporte e a atividade física têm, cada vez mais, um papel muito importante na vida dos centros penitenciais, sendo utilizados, normalmente, a fim de facilitar o processo de reintegração dos reclusos. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar o grau de satisfação dos reclusos dos centros penitenciais com o programa esportivo educacional de basquetebol realizados pela Fundação Real Madrid, e destacar os resultados mais relevantes da sua aplicação. Para este fm, se aplicou um questionário para 267 reclusos, de um total de 21 centros penitenciais de Espanha. Entre os resultados de maior destaque, sobressai o fato de que, em geral, os entrevistados estavam muito satisfeitos com o programa esportivo educacional que foi conduzido. Além disso, os dados encontrados mostraram que a grande maioria dos prisioneiros consideravam que tinham aprendido muito em relação com a atividade esportiva desenvolvida (basquetebol) e com os valores educativos trabalhados (AU)

Diferencias en la forma de organización de las sesiones de pádel con estudiantes / Differences in forms of organization of the padel lessons with students

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer los efectos en la cantidad y eficacia de golpeos y la percepción de satisfacción/diversión, aburrimiento y esfuerzo a través de cuatro formas de organización diferentes de sesiones de pádel. Los participantes del estudio fueron 48 estudiantes del Ciclo Formativo de Técnico en Animación y Actividades Físico Deportivas (33 chicos y 15 chicas), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 años. Se evaluó la cantidad y eficacia de los golpeos a través de una hoja de observación directa. La percepción de diversión y aburrimiento fue evaluada a través del Sport Satisfaction Instrument y la percepción de esfuerzo a través de la Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la forma de organización basada en el peloteo entre los alumnos se plantea como la más eficaz en la enseñanza del pádel, obteniendo un número significativamente mayor y más eficaz de golpeos, así como valores significativamente superiores de diversión/satisfacción y esfuerzo e inferiores de aburrimiento (AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the quantity and effectiveness of strokes and perceived satisfaction / fun, boredom and effort through four different organizational forms of paddle sessions. Study participants were 48 students from the Technical Training Course in Animation and Sports Physical Activities (33 boys and 15 girls) with ages between 18 and 26 years. The amount and effectiveness of beatings through direct observation of a sheet was evaluated. The perception of fun and boredom was evaluated through the Sport Satisfaction Instrument and perception of effort through the Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table. The results show that the form of organization based on the rally among students is seen as the most effective in teaching paddle. A significantly greater and more effective number of strokes and significantly higher values ​​of amusement / satisfaction and effort and lower boredom have been proved as a result of this form of organization (AU)

Evaluación de características psicológicas implicadas en el desempeño de jóvenes gestores deportivos / Psychological characteristics assessment involved in youth sports managers’ performance

El propósito de este estudio ha sido evaluar las características psicológicas implicadas en el desempeño del colectivo de jóvenes gestores deportivos. Para la identificación de las variables psicológicas fue utilizado un procedimiento analítico de naturaleza inductiva donde los jóvenes participantes informaron de su experiencia como gestores deportivos en un formato de grupos de discusión. La información recogida sirvió como base para la elaboración del Cuestionario de Competencia Personal de Jóvenes Gestores Deportivos (CPJGD). Este instrumento presenta una alta consistencia interna (α = 0,72) y está compuesto por 14 items distribuidos en tres factores: compromiso con el rol de gestor deportivo; interés controlado; y persistencia hacia un objetivo. Finalmente se argumentan las implicaciones de los resultados de este estudio en la formación permanente y capacitación profesional de este colectivo de jóvenes gestores deportivos (AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological characteristics involved in the performance of a group of young sport managers. To identify the psychological variables, an analytical procedure of an inductive nature was used, where young participants reported their experience as sport managers in a discussion group context. The information gathered served as basis for the development of the questionnaire of «personal competence of young sport managers». This instrument has got a high internal consistency (α = 0.72) and comprises 14 items distributed in three factors: commitment to the role of «dynamicers»; controlled interest; and persistence toward a goal. Eventually, we discussed the implications of the results of this study on lifelong learning and training of this group of young sport managers (AU)

Estudio bibliométrico de tesis doctorales sobre psicología del deporte / Estudio bibliométrico de tesis doutorales sobre psicologia do esporte / Bibliometric study of doctoral theses on sports psychology

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis bibliométrico de las tesis doctorales sobre psicología del deporte en España. Se utilizó la base de datos TESEO en el periodo temporal 1976-2015. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 93 tesis doctorales sobre las que se analizaron las siguientes variables: universidades más productoras, género del autor de la tesis, número de directores varones y mujeres, género del presidente del tribunal, número de varones y mujeres en el tribunal, tipo de directores, tipo de tribunal, tipo de muestra de la tesis, presencia de la tesis de manera completa o resumida y tipo de contenidos. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en la base de datos TESEO y un posterior registro de todas las tesis en Microsoft Excel, para el tratamiento y codificación de cada una de las variables. Los resultados indican que la Universidad de Valencia es la institución que más tesis doctorales sobre psicología del deporte ha producido (16), que son más los autores (57) que las autoras (36), género masculino por encima del femenino en autoría de las tesis (57vs36), número de directores, presidencia del tribunal (78vs14), componentes del tribunal, tipo de dirección y tipo de tribunal, a los deportistas profesionales de élite como la muestra más estudiada (24), a la presencia de resúmenes por encima de tesis doctorales completas en TESEO (78vs15) y al deporte de rendimiento como contenido más predominante entre las tesis (45) (AU)

Neste trabalho uma análise bibliométrica da tese de doutorado sobre a psicologia do desporto em Espanha é realizada. Foi utilizado o banco de dados TESEO no período 1976-2015. A amostra foi composta de 93 teses de doutorado sobre as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: universidades mais produtores, sexo do autor da tese, número de diretores homens e mulheres, que preside sexo juiz, número de homens e mulheres em tribunal, diretores tipo, tipo de corte, tipo de amostra tese, presença tese de forma completa ou resumo e tipo de conteúdo. Para fazer uma pesquisa avançada foi realizada na base de dados TESEO e subsequente registro de todas as teses em Microsoft Excel, para processamento e codificação de cada uma das variáveis. Os resultados indicam que a Universidade de Valência é a tese da instituição de doutoramento sobre psicologia do esporte produziu (16), que são os autores (57) que os autores (36), sexo masculino sobre a autoria feminina tese (57vs36), número de diretores, presidente do tribunal (78vs14), componentes do tribunal, tipo de endereço e tipo de tribunal, os atletas profissionais como a amostra mais estudado (24), a presença de resumos acima teses doutorales em TESEO completo (78vs15) e desempenho desportivo como conteúdo mais predominante entre teses (45) (AU)

This work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis doctoral thesis on sports psychology published in TESEO database in the time period 1976-2015. The sample was composed of 93 doctoral thesis of which were analyzed by the following variables: most productive universities, the gender of the thesis autor, the number of directors men and women, the gender of the president of the court, the number of men and women in court, the type of directors, the type of court, a sample type of the thesis or in full or a summary and content type COP-CAFD. To do this we preceeded to perform an advanced search of TESEO database and a subquent registration of all the Microsoft Excel thesis, for the processing and coding of each of the variables. The results place the University of Valencia as the institution that produces the most doctoral thesis os sports psychology, the masculine gender is above the female gender in the authorship of the theses, the number of directors, the presence of the court, components of the court, the type of address and the type of court, the professional athletes are shown as the most studied sample, the presence of the summaries are above the completed doctoral thesis in TESEO and sport perfomance as the most predominant content between the thesis (AU)

Is there a link between previous exposure to sport injury psychology education and UK sport injury rehabilitation professionals' attitudes and behaviour towards sport psychology?

OBJECTIVES: The use of sport psychology strategies during sport injury rehabilitation can lead to several positive outcomes such as improved adherence and self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to compare the sport psychology related attitudes and behaviours of UK sport injury rehabilitation professionals (SIRPs) who had studied the psychological aspects of sport injury to those who had not. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: Ninety-four SIRPs (54 physiotherapists and 40 sports therapists with a mean of 9.22 years' experience of working in sport) completed an online survey and were grouped according to their level of previous exposure to sport injury psychology education at an undergraduate/postgraduate level. Analyses were undertaken to establish whether there were any differences in sport psychology related attitude (MANOVA), usage (MANOVA), and referral behaviours (chi square) between the groups. RESULTS: The MANOVA and chi square tests conducted revealed that those who had studied the psychological aspects of sport injury reported using significantly more sport psychology in their practice and making more referrals to sport psychologists. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that sport injury psychology education appears to be effective in increasing the sport psychology related behaviours (use of sport psychology and referral) of SIRPs and should be integrated into professional training.

Investigadores académicos y profesionales de la Psicología del Deporte: Condenados a entenderse / Academic reserarchers and professinals of sport psychology: condemmed to understand each other

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar la actividad investigadora, llevada a cabo por los investigadores académicos, y la actividad profesional, llevada a cabo por los profesionales de la psicología del deporte. ¿Existe relación entre los investigadores académicos y los profesionales? ¿Cuál es la situación de la investigación actual desde que Martens (1979) expusiese algunas de las deficiencias en la investigación realizada en la Psicología del Deporte? Intentaremos describir y analizar algunos aspectos para conocer ¿cuál es la distancia entre los académicos investigadores y los profesionales de la psicología del deporte en relación a la evaluación e intervención psicológica? La respuesta a esta pregunta podría explicar el impacto real de la psicología del deporte en el mundo del deporte. Es necesaria una verdadera comunicación entre los investigadores académicos-que tienen conocimientos de los principios básicos de la investigación (metodología análisis de datos)- y los profesionales de la psicología del deporte -que conocen las condiciones ecológicas y las demandas de las personas del deporte y de los deportistas (AU)

The aim of this paper is to compare research activity, carried out by academic researchers, and professional activity, carried out by professional sport psychologists. Is there any relation between them? What is the situation of current research, since Martens (1979) exposed some of its defects? We will try to describe and analyze some aspects to know how close or how far are academic researchers and professional sport psychologists with regards to sport psychological assessment or psychological intervention. The answer to this question could explain real impact of sport psychology at sport world. The field still needs a true communication between academic researchers-who know the basic principles of research (methodology and statistical analysis)-and professional sport psychologists-who know the ecological conditions and the demands of actual sports men and women and athletes (AU)

Guidelines for writing applied case studies in sport and exercise psychology / Directrices para estudios de caso de la práctica de la psicología del ejercicio y deporte

While there has been a significant expansion of continued professional development opportunities in recent years, there has often, historically, been a reluctance for sport and exercise psychologists to both share, and receive feedback on their professional practice (Cotterill, Weston and Breslin, 2016). The recent development of the new Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology journal, a flagship journal of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology, supports an increasing appetite for this type of dissemination. Building upon these recent developments this paper draws on the experience of several experienced practitioners, who are also supervisors, assessors and journal editors in applied sport and exercise psychology. Guidelines for the preparation of applied case studies are offered as an aid for practitioners who are seeking to both publicise and share their work, and/or contribute to the literature and current knowledge in this area. We argue that the voices of practitioners represent an important component of any scientific literature, and we encourage practitioners to both share their work; reflect on the effectiveness of different approaches and techniques, and engage in the ongoing debate that characterizes scientific progress. In this way, we seek to help address the criticism that literature in sport and exercise psychology is too theoretically focused, and not representative of the ‘real-world’. We seek to help close the research-practice ‘gap’ (AU)

Aunque ha habido una expansión significativa de las oportunidades de desarrollo profesional continuado en los últimos años, históricamente ha habido una renuencia de los psicólogos del deporte y del ejercicio a compartir y recibir sugerencias y comentarios sobre su práctica profesional (Cotterill et al., 2016). El reciente desarrollo de la nueva revista de Estudios de Casos en el Deporte y la Psicología del Ejercicio, una revista emblemática de la Asociación de Psicología del Deporte Aplicado, apoya el creciente interés por este tipo de difusión entre profesionales. Basándose en estos recientes desarrollos, este trabajo se basa en la experiencia de varios profesionales experimentados, que también son supervisores de estudiantes, asesores y editores de revistas en el deporte aplicado y la psicología del ejercicio. Las guías para la preparación de estudios de casos aplicados se ofrecen como una ayuda para los profesionales que buscan publicar y compartir su trabajo y / o contribuir a la literatura y el conocimiento actual en esta área. Parecería que las voces de los practicantes representan un componente importante de cualquier literatura científica, y animamos a los practicantes a compartir su trabajo; Reflexionar sobre la eficacia de los diferentes enfoques y técnicas y participar en el debate actual que caracteriza el progreso científico. De esta manera, tratamos de ayudar a abordar la crítica de que la literatura en el deporte y la psicología del ejercicio es demasiado teórica, y no representativo del 'mundo real'. Buscamos ayudar a cerrar la 'brecha' entre la investigación y la práctica (AU)

Incidencia de los juegos deportivos de oposición sobre los estados de ánimo en universitarios / Impact of competitive sports games on the mood state of university students / Incidência de jogos de esportes da oposição sobre o estado de humor de estudantes universitários

Este estudio pretende identificar la intensidad de los estados de ánimo durante la práctica de juegos deportivos de oposición y comprobar la relación existente con el historial deportivo de los participantes. Participaron 147 estudiantes universitarios los cuales cumplimentaron el cuestionario POMS (Profile of Mood State). Los resultados indican como las dimensiones tensión y vigor se vivieron con mayor intensidad en los juegos, mientras que depresión y rabia menores. Contar con experiencia deportiva fue determinante. Los jugadores con historial deportivo puntuaron más para la dimensión vigor. Los resultados permiten orientar las intervenciones de futuros profesionales gracias a las experiencias prácticas vivenciadas dentro del ámbito educativo y deportivo

This study intends to identify the intensity of mood states whilst playing competitive sports games and verify the existing relationship with the participants’ sporting record. 147 college students took part in the research, who completed the POMS (Profile of Mood State) questionnaire. Analysis showed that the tension and vigour dimensions were experienced with greater intensity in sports games, while the depression and anger dimensions decreased in intensity. Having experience playing sports was an important factor, showing that players with a record of playing sports scored higher levels in the vigour dimension. The results help to guide interventions by future professionals due to practical experience gained in the field of education and sports

Os objetivos deste estudo são identificar a intensidade de Estados de humor para a prática de jogos de esportes de oposição e verificar arelação existente com rastreamento de esporte dos participantes. Partiparam um total de 147 estudantes universitários que completaram o questionárioPOMS (Perfil do Estado de Humor) adaptado para o espanhol por Balaguer, Fuentes, Meliá e García-Merita (1993). Os resultados indicam que odimensões de vigor e tensão eram experientes com maior intensidade nos jogos de esportes, durante a depressão e raiva dimensões diminuíram deintensidade. A presença de experiência anterior de esportes foi um fator importante, mostrando os jogadores com os jogadores registro de rastreamentoesporte níveis mais elevados para a dimensão de vigor. Resultados ajudam a orientar futuras intervenções por profissionais devido a experiência práticaexperiente no educativo e o campo de esporte

Escala de Actitudes hacia la Diversidad Sexual en el Deporte (EDSD): desarrollo y validación preliminar / Attitude scale towards sexual diversity in sport: development and preliminary validation / Escala de atitudes face à diversidade sexual no desporto (edsd): desenvolvimento e validação prelimina

Tradicionalmente el deporte ha sido un espacio de dominio heteronormativo, donde mujeres y hombres con diversas orientaciones sexuales han sido rechazados por transgredir y cuestionar la ‘normalidad patriarcal heterosexista’. En los últimos años, la sociedad española parece haber cambiado, creándose un clima más tolerante y respetuoso con la diversidad, sin embargo no existen estudios actuales que analicen esta situación en el deporte en nuestro país. En este trabajo se presenta la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Diversidad Sexual en el Deporte. La versión inicial del cuestionario de 32 ítems fue administrada a 414 practicantes de deporte de ambos sexos, cuya edad oscilaba entre los 13 y los 44 años (M = 21.72; DE = 4.48). La validez de contenido de la batería inicial de ítems fue analizada mediante juicio de cuatro expertos. Posteriormente se realizaron dos Análisis Factoriales Exploratorios sucesivos para valorar la validez interna determinándose una escala con 18 ítems y una adecuada consistencia interna (α = .904). Los resultados también muestran la existencia de cuatro factores que articulan estas actitudes: Actitudes Cognitivas hacia la diversidad, Actitudes hacia Estereotipos de género, Actitudes hacia la Transgresión y, Actitudes Afectivas hacia la diversidad. También se realizó análisis de ítems y de consistencia interna de los cuatro factores. Así pues, los resultados del estudio permiten concluir que la escala manifiesta en general una buena adecuación a través de su validez y fiabilidad

Traditionally, sport has been a heteronormative domain space in which women and men with different sexual orientations have been rejected as transgressing and questioning the 'heteronormative patriarchy'. In recent years, Spanish society seems to have changed and a more tolerant and respectful climate of diversity has been created. However, there are no current studies analysing this situation in sport in Spain. In this work, an Attitude Scale towards Sexual Diversity in Sport is presented. The initial version of the 32 item questionnaire was completed by 414 athletes of both genders, whose ages ranged from 13 to 44 years old (M = 21.72, SD = 4.48). The validity of the content of the initial battery of items was analysed by four experts. Afterwards, two successive Exploratory Factor Analyses were carried out to assess internal validity determining a scale of 18 items and adequate internal consistency reliability (α = .904). The results also show that there are four factors that bring these attitudes together: Cognitive Attitudes towards diversity, Attitudes towards Gender Stereotypes, Attitudes towards Transgression and Affective Attitudes towards diversity. Item analysis and analysis of the internal consistency of the four factors were also carried out. Therefore, the study results support the conclusion that the scale, in general, shows good adaptation due to its validity and reliability

Tradicionalmente O desporto tem sido um espaço de domínio heteronormativo, onde mulheres e homens com diversas orientações sexuaistêm sido rejeitados por transgredir e questionar a ‘normalidade patriarcal heterosexista’. Nos últimos anos, a sociedade espanhola parece ter mudando,criando-se um clima mais tolerante e respeitoso com a diversidade, contudo não existem estudos actuais que analisem esta situação no desporto no nossopaís. Neste trabalho é apresentada a Escala de Atitudes face à Diversidade Sexual no Desporto. A versão inicial do questionário de 32 itens foi aplicadaa 414 praticantes de desporto de ambos os sexos, cuja idade variava entre os 13 e os 44 anos (M= 21.72; DE= 4.48). A validade de conteúdo da bateriainicial de itens foi analisada mediante a avaliação de quatro especialistas. Posteriormente foram realizadas Análises Factoriais Exploratórias sucessivaspara avaliar a validade interna determinando-se uma escala com 18 itens e uma adequada consistência interna (α= .904). Os resultados também revelama existência de quatro factores que articulam estas atitudes: Atitudes Cognitivas face à diversidade, Atitudes face aos Estereótipos de género, Atitudesface à Transgressão e, Atitudes afectivas face à diversidade. Também se realizou uma análise de itens e de consistência interna dos quatro factores.Assim, os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que a escala manifesta no geral uma boa adequação através da sua validade e fiabilidade

Historia de la Psicología del Deporte / No disponible

La Psicología del Deporte es un área relativamente joven, cuyo objeto de estudio lo constituyen las particularidades psicológicas de la actividad deportiva y del deportista. Cuando hablamos de Psicología del Deporte puede parecernos una cuestión reciente la unión entre la psicología -de por sí reciente- y el deporte, entendiéndose que la aplicación de la psicología en el deporte es una cuestión de hace pocos años y, de ningún modo, una cuestión que se pueda abordar con perspectiva histórica. En nuestro repaso histórico estableceremos los siguientes periodos: (1) comienzos, de 1879 a 1919, (2) periodo entre guerras, de1920 a 1945, (3) antes del Primer Congreso Mundial, de 1946 a 1964, (4) consolidación, de 1965 a 1985 y (5) reconocimiento oficial, de1986 hasta nuestros días. Concluimos con una sinopsis de la historia de la Psicología del Deporte en España

Sport Psychology is a relatively young area, which studies what are the psychological peculiarities of the sport and the athlete. When we speak of Sport Psychology it may seem a recent issue marriage between psychology -of itself recently- and sport, provided that the application of psychology in sport is a matter of a few years ago and, by no means a issue that can be addressed from a historical perspective. In our historical review we will establish the following periods: (1) beginning, from 1879 to1919, (2) interwar period of 1920-1945, (3) before the First World Congress, from 1946 to1964 (4) consolidation, from 1965 to 1985 and (5) official recognition, 1986 until today. We conclude with an overview of the history of Sport Psychology in Spain